3m “Profile of an Innovating Company free essay sample

3M â€Å"Profile of an Innovating Company† The 3M case follows the historical backdrop of this Minnesota-based organization from its beginning in 1902 through 1992. By taking a gander at the residency of three CEOs, the case looks at how 3M attempted to keep up a culture of development while proceeding to develop into a global multibillion dollar association. While the organization’s values are basic to the accomplishment of 3M, inward and outer powers likewise constrained 3M to alter their plan of action. William McKnight, the establishing CEO, inserted a solid hierarchical culture into 3M. He ingrained the estimations of business, examination and experimentation into each worker. His objective was to make an atmosphere that â€Å"stimulates conventional individuals to do incredible things. † As 3M developed into a billion dollar business they kept on keeping up their fundamental beliefs of advancement, commercial center responsiveness and enterprise. Representatives at 3M were urged to take a shot at their own activities with a corporate-wide approach that advanced work on close to home undertakings for up to 15% of a researcher’s time. We will compose a custom article test on 3m â€Å"Profile of an Innovating Company or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Singular perseverance was perceived and individuals were urged to seek after their own thoughts and to face challenges. The board upheld â€Å"unintentioned failure† and was known to help extends that didn't really show advertise reasonability. In many cases, these activities discovered future specialty markets or applications that were never thought of by the creator. 3M was a â€Å"market-situated innovation based organization. † It was worked around adjusting current innovation stages to meet the various needs of purchasers. 3M looked both remotely at specialty advertise needs and inside at approaches to apply new market chances to existing innovation. They benefited from their innovation through casual and formal information sharing procedures. They held innovation gatherings, composed innovation sheets and advanced sharing through different networks of training. It was the standard to request researchers to talk about their work and request counsel or recommendations. The hierarchical structure under McKnight was a â€Å"grow and divide† idea, where the board anticipated that units should develop naturally. Fruitful items were constantly made into new divisions, which thusly turned out to be new gatherings. In 1977 McKnight died and his replacement Lou Leher dominated. Inside and outside changes constrained administration to take a gander at how 3M could keep on being gainful later on. The development and branch off procedure left by McKnight made it trying for 3M to control their organizations. Because of enterprise and enhancement, business side projects had made a divided association. Leher made another business structure that advanced the union of divisions to share assets and incorporate procedures. He additionally normalized the vital arranging and financing process. Used to a casual arranging process dependent on discernment and estimated against their own metrics,† a conventional arranging framework was a stun to the association. RD financing, which was ordinarily dispensed at the circumspection of the supervisor, was presently progressively formalized. Despite the fact that financing was increasingly engaged, they despite everything gave a chance to subsidizing extra item s. Lehr started to formalize the procedures of 3M. The association, esteeming business and advancement, turned out to be difficult to control and was prompting diminished benefit of the organization. The last residency followed is that of Jake Jacobson, a primary concern CEO who came in to reduce expenses and increment productivity. He changed the focal point of 3M from specialty premium markets to minimal effort markets. His progressions advanced the utilization of cross utilitarian groups and speedier chance to showcase. To move items all the more rapidly to showcase, the organization embraced a progressively restrained way to deal with choosing ventures. Activities that didn't show guarantee in advance would not be subsidized, as commonly done before. Supervisors started to feel that development was being smothered and the harmony between enterprising soul and collaboration was lost.

The Lesson To Be Learned In William Carlos Williams The Red Wheelbarr

The Lesson To Be Learned In William Carlos Williams' 'The Red Wheelbarrow' The Lesson to be Learned in William Carlos Williams' ?The Red Wheelbarrow' Despite the fact that it comprises of a solitary sentence separated into four verses comprising of four words each, the sonnet ?The Red Wheelbarrow', by William Carlos Williams is an extremely mind boggling work. Every refrain is additionally broken into two lines between the third and forward word. The initial refrain is ?so much depends/upon'. Depend can be taken a gander at in various manners. The main thing that strikes a chord as a meaning of ?depend' is to rely on, to trust to accomplish something. Kids are seen as ?dependants'. On the off chance that something is dangled from a string it is supposed to depend. Now and again it very well may be alluded to as a specific decision. You may approach your manager for a raise. Your supervisor may disclose to you that everything ?relies' upon your presentation at work, that it depends on your activities. This is the thing that Williams is stating for this situation. He is inferring that a great deal relies on how you read the followin g line. He is attempting to get you to consider the sonnet itself. In actuality what he is stating is the way you see ?a red wheel/cart' is essential to him, and the sonnet itself. Williams composed, ?No thoughts yet in things?, implying that it was the writers employment to manage solid points of interest and to let thoughts deal with themselves. Further implying that for certain artists, such as himself a work cart is just a push cart. Nothing that is outside the sonnet can be set inside the sonnet. For example, it is easy to state that the work cart was what a great deal relied upon. The last verse of the sonnet, ?next to the white/chickens' strength cause the peruser to consider the to be as an image. Maybe ?so much depends/upon' the work cart since it is a significant homestead execute. The ranch could be gathered in light of the fact that the work cart is ?close to the white/chickens'. Nonetheless, Williams himself cautions against doing this. How might we be certain that the ranch exists? How might we know whether a homestead was what he had as a top priority? The peruser can't state without a doubt by any stretch of the imagination. At the point when I was more youthful I saved a chicken for a pet and I didn't live on a ranch. One can't state that on the grounds that a chicken exists that the homestead exists too. Williams himself lets us know ?No thoughts yet in things'. On the off chance that the association between the push cart and the chicken isn't a ranch (and it can't be on the grounds that the homestead isn't in the sonnet) at that point what's going on here? The main thing in the sonnet is simply the work cart. Everything else is spellbinding of the push cart. Different lines point out or upgrade certain parts of the push cart. The third verse, ?coated with downpour/water' these lines don't point out downpour yet rather the downpour highlights the push cart. The implication would be a ton extraordinary on the off chance that it said something like ?downpour secured'. The manner in which it is worded makes center be set around the push cart itself. It's not the downpour that is significant. What is significant anyway is the means by which the downpour is deciphered. Here the downpour could likewise be supposed to be an image. Maybe the imagery of a downpour wet push cart could be difficulty as in ?it generally rains on a motorcade'. For this situation I would contend that the downpour is essentially downpour. It serves just as a technique to additionally depict the push cart itself, to bring a more clear image of it to the peruser's brain . The following refrain ?next to the white/chickens' likewise points out the handcart. The chickens aren't images themselves. From the sonnet we realize that the handcart is red. We additionally realize that close by are a few chickens. The chickens close by are white, that is what is significant, their shading not simply the flying creatures. The sharp whiteness of the winged animals is a sensational differentiation to the red of the handcart. Williams, rather than telling the peruser that the work cart was a dynamic red, included some white chickens for an examination. The chickens are just significant on the grounds that

Beverly lowry essays

Beverly lowry expositions Beverly Lowry, Her Dream of Dreams: The Rise and Triumph of Madam C. J. Walker, [New York: Alfred A Knopf, 2003], 481pp. Beverly Lowry, the creator of Her Dream of Dreams, experienced childhood in Greenville, Mississippi, however was conceived in Memphis, Tennessee on August 10, 1938. Lowry is the writer of six books and two genuine books. Lowry is likewise the chief of the Creative Nonfiction Program at George Mason University. She at present dwells in Washington, D.C. Beverly Lowry got intrigued by Madam C.J. Walkers story when she considered doing a novel approved by the home of Alex Haley. Lowry reason for composing the book on Walker was to sift through Walkers meagerly reported story and edge it into the irritating race relations of her day. The subject of this book is the life of Madam C.J. Walker. It talks about her street to achievement in getting one of the primary ladies of any race to be a mogul. The recorded period the book identifies with is the Age of Progressivism. Conceived Sarah Breedlove on December 10, 1867, Madam C.J. Walker grew up the offspring of liberated slaves, Owen and Minverva Breedlove, on a ranch in Delta, Louisiana. Walker lost her folks at seven years old, and wedded just because at fourteen years old. At seventeen years old, Walker had her sole kid, Lelia. By the age of twenty she was a widow, yet wedded twice once more, the last being Charles Joseph Walker. Breedlove proceeded to receive his name in 1906, later including the title Madam, which was custom for lady in business. Needing a superior life for her girl, just as, herself, Madam C.J. Walker moved to St. Louis and proceeded with work in the clothing industry. With the cash she made, she sent Lelia to class to understand that training she never got. Subsequent to laboring for a long time she got the chance to see her little girl move on from secondary school and set off for college. Madam Walker guarantee to fortune, was incited by Walkers hair fall... <!

Shakespeares Hamlet - Gertrude Essay -- GCSE English Literature Cours

Concerning Gertrudeâ â â â â â â â â   â â â Angela Pitt in â€Å"Women in Shakespeare’s Tragedies† remarks that Shakespeare’s Gertrude in Hamlet is, as a matter of first importance, a mother:  Gertrude reveals no such need to legitimize her activities and along these lines doesn't deceive any feeling of blame. She is worried about her current favorable luck, and neither waits over the passing of her first spouse nor examinations her thought processes in taking another. . . .She appears to be a merciful, slow-witted, rather liberal lady, not the slightest bit the passionate or scholarly equivalent of her child. . . . Positively she is enamored with Hamlet. In addition to the fact that she is set up to hear him out when he storms at her, verification that he is adequately near her to reserve a privilege to offer remarks onâ her own life, however she is unfailingly worried about him. . . .At the point when she has tanked from the harmed cup, nearly her final words are: ‘O my dear Hamlet!’ The straightforward charm is impactful, advising us that the security among mother and child, and Hamlet’s edgy desire of Claudius, represent as a great part of the sad advancement of the play as the need to retaliate for old Hamlet’s demise (46-47).  Is Gertrude a mother first, and sovereign second? This exposition wants to determine appearing inconsistencies in the character of Queen Gertrude, just as managing different parts of her multi-faceted character.  At the beginning of the catastrophe Hamlet seems wearing serious dark. His mom, Gertrude, is clearly upset by this and solicitations of him:   â â â Good Hamlet, cast thy nighted shading off,  â â â And let thine eye resemble a companion on Denmark.  â â â Do not for ever with thy vailed covers  â â â Seek for thy respectable dad in the residue:  â â â Thou know'st 'tis normal; ... ...'s Hamlet. Early Modern Literary Studies 6.1 (May, 2000): 2.1-24 &lt;URL: http://purl.oclc.org/emls/06-1/lehmhaml.htm&gt;.  Pitt, Angela. â€Å"Women in Shakespeare’s Tragedies.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Republish of Shakespeare’s Women. N.p.: n.p., 1981.  Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/villa/full.html  Smith, Rebecca. â€Å"Gertrude: Scheming Adulteress or Loving Mother?† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Wear Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. of â€Å"Hamlet†: A User’s Guide. New York: Limelight Editions, 1996.  Wilkie, Brian and James Hurt. â€Å"Shakespeare.† Literature of the Western World. Ed. Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1992.  Â

The Spirit of Islam †World Religion Class Essay

The Spirit of Islam †World Religion Class Essay Free Online Research Papers The Spirit of Islam World Religion Class Essay Omid Safi is an educator of religion at Colgate University. Safi originates from a long queue of Islamic writers. He is an American yet gone through the main long periods of his life in Iran with his granddad who was an Ayatollah. He depicts him as looking simply like Ayatollah Kamani however varying in the message that comes out of his heart. Safi is both an understudy and educator of Islamic examinations and especially Sufism. Nonetheless, Safi says that he is certifiably not a Sufi however appears to have a profound regard for being a Sufi. Omid is clearly a Muslim yet he is by all accounts on a journey for truth. He is profoundly moved of his being by the estimations of Sufi’s. In any case, he expresses that he is a Muslim that is on the way towards a superior relationship with God. The estimations of Sufism are not something you put on a handout; they are forms that take a lifetime to comprehend. Sufism is very in contact with the magical universe of Islam, it has been advanced as of late by the writer Rumi. Rumi was a Persian beautiful and Mystic of the thirteenth century. Right now national character didn’t matter as much in such a case that you were a strict researcher it was normal that you would travel and instruct all through every Islamic land. He composed 90,000 lines of verse and it is currently being deciphered in English. Safi is glad that more individuals can encounter Rumi now yet trusts it is critical to tune in to the first stanza as Rumi proposed. It started as an otherworldly development against expanding experience after Muhammad’s passing. Sufi’s try to a unique closeness with God in this life. Safi says that rehearsing the way of Sufi is â€Å"One of the most significant appearances of Islam and one of the most relevant for discovering trust in our current situation†. Until the eighteenth century you would discover Sufi’s in the whole Islamic world. After the eighteenth century an exceptionally extreme translation of the Qur’an which begins in Saudi Arabia and rehearsing the Sufi way was really prohibited in places. 85% is Sunni, 13% Shiite, 2% other. Sufi’s have done whatever it takes not to be known as the third faction of Islam. The job of verse in the Sufi practice originates from an understanding that it is an amazing type of learning. It gives provocative pictures of yearning as one goes through the desert, in many cases alone. A decent segment of Islamic stanza peruses like an excellent love sonnet despite the fact that they are mindful so as not to call the Qur’an verse. The Prophet Mohammed encircle himself with artists. Verse is a significant piece of Sufism in light of the fact that idyllic language bids at an enthusiastic level where as religious language simply can not claim. In the Muslim world even individuals who are ignorant regularly know many lines of verse. When contrasted with the western reality where we consider just profoundly instructed individuals having such a catch of verse. The reasonable instances of this are Shepard’s who walk for quite a while alone; maybe verse is both engaging and an update that God is consistently with them. Seemi Bushra Ghazi is a lady who rehearses Islam. She originates from a long queue of Ordure researchers. Right now she is an artist and she presents Qur’an as a non priest. Ghazi is additionally an educator at Colgate University. Her folks established a portion of the primary Islamic Sunday schools in America. She accepts that English interpretations of Qur’an don't do equity to ladies especially as a result of the loss of sexual orientation that can have huge importance in English. Ladies at home discussing Qur’an in the first part of the day establish a ground-breaking connection with their kids. She accepts that ladies are ground-breaking and essential so as to spread the message of God. Islam is a custom practice that intertwines itself into life totally. As a lady she is keen on the job of ladies in Islam, not to infer that there is only one job. She doesn't wear a cloak except if she is asking or is in a piece of a world wear a cover is required. In any case, she appears to breathe easy because of the cloak and considers it an asylum that she can take with her. 2 inquiries: 1.) Is it reasonable for consider Sufism a way of thinking about how to live as connected to a religion? 2.) So quite a bit of ones decision in religion appears to be absolutely founded on where they are raised or who their folks are. Thus do you feel that Sufism, being less fundamentalist, would will in general flourish more in a spot like America were there are social Muslims looking for a strict belief system that works in a free society? Research Papers on The Spirit of Islam - World Religion Class EssayCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAssess the significance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeMind TravelBringing Democracy to AfricaAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoQuebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Top 12 Resume Writing Tips for 2012

Top 12 Resume Writing Tips for 2012 In February 2012, the Career Thought Leaders Consortium published their Findings of the 2011 Global Career Brainstorming Day: Trends for the Now, the New the Next in Careers. My particular interest lies in resume trends, and you as my readers expect me to be up to date on these matters!   Here are the Top 12 findings in the resume category from the best of the best in the career industry: 1. Resumes are not dead! Every job seeker still needs one to present to employers, recruiters and network contacts. That said, the LinkedIn profile is becoming as important if not more important as an entry point and must be crafted to complement, NOT duplicate, the information in the resume. 2. Brevity Reigns The 3-page resume, however, is going extinct. Keep your resume succinct and preferably to one or two pages, even if you are a high-level executive. This means concise writing, short paragraphs, brief lists of bullet points, and good organization and branding to assist the reader in quickly assessing your strengths. The top third of the first page is prime real estate. 3. Extra Extra! Leverage Addenda Addenda are welcome attachments to short resumes when you have additional accomplishments to convey that did not make it onto the two-pager. 4. Keep it Chronological Stay away from functional resumes. Hybrids are okay but reverse-chronological resumes are still the preferred format for recruiters and hiring managers. 5. Smart-phone Savvy Keep in mind that some people will be reading your resume on their phones. This means you need good headlines and a compelling top third to half of the resume to encourage scrolling down. 6. RoboResumes Keep ATS systems in mind. Make sure your resume is formatted properly to make it through the system. For more on ATS formatting, check out my article, How to Write a Resume that Beats the Computers. 7. Retro Resumes Resume paper is still in style for when you present your resume in person! And it’s “retro” â€" you can send your resume in an actual envelope and perhaps get some positive attention for taking the time to do so in this email-centric world. 8. Hyperlink it! Put links on your resume. QR codes are becoming popular, as well as other URLs that link to additional material about the job seeker. 9. Be human Don’t skip the community service, continuing education, civic background, etc. Your character is being evaluated more than ever! And you are encouraged to put a testimonial on your resume. Why say it yourself when you can have someone else say it for you? 10. There’s no one-size fits all. You need a different resume for each position you apply for, and then you need separate versions for the recruiter, the hiring manager, and the ATS software. How overwhelming can that be? That’s what career professionals and resume writers are here for. Hopefully we can make the process just a bit less overwhelming. 11. Vital Stats You don’t need to include your street address in your resume header anymore! DO include your LinkedIn URL, web address if you have one, your city and state, ONE phone number and ONE email address. 12. Ever heard of Twitrez? If you are media-savvy, you may have used the Twitrez tool to communicate your value proposition in a series of 10 tweets, 140 characters each. The idea is that each message can stand on its own and the combined 1400 characters “create a cohesive overview of a candidate’s core qualifications and value.” Or maybe you’ve tweeted your twesume? I can see what’s next for The Essay Expert â€" it’s writing Twitter resumes!   Stay tuned…

Information Consent for Health Professionals Essay - 275 Words

Information Consent for Health Professionals (Essay Sample) Content: Information consent for health professionals: Its role and importance in providing quality treatment and assuring care treatment for patients NameInstitutionIntroductionInformed consent is an important element of medical practice as it guarantees the patient information on the treatment process. Patients should not undergo any medical operation without having an informed consent on the implications of the process or the outcomes of the process. This paper discusses the informed consent under different conditions, and people who should have the informed consent. Because informed consent is a human right, national and international frameworks seeking to protect peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s rights will feature in the discussion. Additionally, as nurses should act in an ethical way, ethical considerations in informed consent, including the utilitarianism and deontology theories will be discussed. The paper will also differentiate between the legal and social aspects of ethics, whic h contribute to the decision making process of a patient. In addition to discussing the personal code of ethics, interviews of professionals actively engaged in nursing practice concerning the informed consent will also feature. Finally, it will discuss the ethical normative frameworks that health professionals may appeal to in defending their position and draw conclusions from the findings.National and International ethical frameworks for health care influencing ethical decision making practiceVarious local and international frameworks and ethical considerations exist to oversee the actions of pediatrics. Locally, the NMBA competencies provide the pediatricsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ legal obligations, while internationally, the World Health Organization and International Rights of the Child acts as the regulating body for childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s consent. These legal frameworks seek to ensure that nothing happens against the best interest of the child. Additionally, these frameworks will stop any ac tion that does not serve the interest of the child or anything that would hamper the ability of the child to achieve full potential.Various frameworks are concerned with ethical decision making in healthcare. Because of the role played by patient consent in determining the process and decisions taken in the treatment process, national and international frameworks play a vital role. International human rights groups seek to protect the rights of all people across the world. The guiding principle is that all people should have access to proper living conditions, healthcare being among them (KrleÃ…Â ¾a-JeriÄ Lemmens, 2009). One of the most important international policies is the declaration of Helsinki, a policy statement by the WMA. The current declaration focuses on the evolution of medical research ethics (KrleÃ…Â ¾a-JeriÄ Lemmens, 2009). The health and human rights promotes human rights in the health related issues at national and international levels. According t o the health and human rights policy, physicians hold the responsibility of providing high quality health care to the patients without discrimination. They also hold the responsibility of preventing and reporting any torturous acts as well as ill treatment amounting to violations of human rights. This is in line with the patient consent policy, which requires that patients have full knowledge of the consequences of the actions taken by the medical practitioners.Beauchamp Childress Principles of healthcare ethics is yet another framework that seeks to provide ethical relations among the patients (Beauchamp, 2007). This framework establishes four principles of biomedical ethics pertaining to the children ethical treatment in healthcare. Respect for autonomy is one of these principles. This requires the respect of decisions made by autonomous persons and creating an enabling environment for individuals to make informed choices (Beauchamp, 2007). Parents fall under the autonomous group of persons in relation to informed consent (Beauchamp, 2007). As Gale (interviewee) pointed out, it is important for paramedics to give appropriate information to the parents before they could make any informed decision regarding their childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s treatment process. Secondly, the beneficence principle seeks to balance the benefits of treatment against the stated risks and costs. The requirement is that medical practitioners should engage in actions that will be of benefit to the patient. Non-maleficence, which is the third principle, avoids causing any harm to the patient. Finally, the principle of justice seeks to distribute benefits, risks, and costs in a fair and equitable manner among patients in similar positions (Mitchell, 2014).Ethical theories influencing decisions among medical practitionersUtilitarianism theory of ethicsUtilitarianism theory of ethics argues that that anything ethical is anything that produces the greatest amount of pleasure to the greatest numbe r of people (Brenkert Beauchamp 2010). On the other hand, anything that is unethical is anything that deprives a great number of people pleasures, to some extent causing dissatisfaction (Brenkert Beauchamp 2010). This theory argues that the society should focus on maximizing positiveÂoutcomes for the largest number ofÂpeople,Âwhile at the same time focusing on minimizing any negative outcomes for lowest number of people (Brenkert Beauchamp 2010). The biggest premise of this theory is that people should settle for actions with the potential of providing the greatest happiness to all people in the society. Nurses are social workers and their work seeks to serve the interest of all people in the society. They should engage in actions that they believe will be of benefit to the patients, refraining from giving misleading information (Hinman, 2012). Ethically, nurses, while educating patients on the informed consent should selfishly describe the pros and cons of all altern atives. A medic should avoid having stakes in the patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s decisions as this could compromise the quality of information presented to the patient.Deontology ethics theoryDeontology ethical theory seeks to differentiate between something that is good and bad. Developed by Immanuel Kant, W.D. Ross, deontology theory argues that elements that makes somethingÂgood orÂbad, rightÂorÂwrong, is that it conforms toÂsome rationalÂduty. The underlying principle of this theory is fulfilment of duties towards the individual or other person (Hinman, 2012). Medical practitioners hold this responsibility while disseminating their duties to their patient. Through informed consent, paediatrics offers the patients the best medical attention. Deontology cautions that while making choices, an individual, or organization should settle for actions that best conforms to the recognized duties of the society. Nurses therefore hold this responsibility, of providing patients with the most accurate information for them to make decisions regarding their treatment. Deontology approach establishes the relevance of the duties that people engage in the society (Hinman, 2012). The action as Kant argued should treat people as the ends and not the means, showing that the measure of nurseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s actions depends on the outcome, and not the process. Providing people with the most accurate information leads to informed decisions, determined by the decision the patient arrives at.Personal codes of ethics for nursing professionThe nursing profession, being an extremely sensitive profession as it deals with the health of the patient relies on stringent codes of ethics governing the actions of the nurses. The code of ethics regulates the actions of the nurse workers (Kalaitzidis Schmitz, 2012). Not only do these codes ensure high quality of services delivered, they also regulate the behavior of these nurses. The nursing code of ethics requires nurses to have prima ry commitment to the patient, regardless of whether the patient is an individual, family, or community. Honesty in delivering services as well as ethical behavior while handling duties is the underlying principle of nursing profession. Nurses should value the quality of care offered to the patients. Not only should the nurses ensure all people access health care, they should also respect the diversity of all people. They should make informed decisions as well as help patients make informed decisions too, an aspect of informed consent. Ethical information management is yet an important ethical consideration for nurses. These requirements guarantee quality of treatment for all patients (Francis, et al, 2013).Difference between Ethical and legal issues in health careAccording to Stein et al. (2013), people have diverse cultural practices and these influence even their decision to seek medical attention. While some cultures do not believe in scientific medical treatment, others will not accept surgery. This is an unethical issue, as people should access healthcare at all times. Additionally, ethics of decision-making influence the overall decision one settles for, if influenced by certain external forces like culture and family. Where one cannot make sound, decisions regarding informed consent, the law stipulates that a close person should do so on the behalf of the patient. It is the duty of the nurse to demystify the dogmatic views of the people in delivering their services to these people through informed consent. Legally, all people should have access to information before they undergo any operation in the health care institution. The law further regulates organ transplant exercises for the sole purpose of reducing problems arising from illegal transplant. There are policies regulating even the donation of a body organ as it regulates any incidences of organ trade.Difference...

Online Worlds Online Games and Sims Essays - 1908 Words

In the 21st Century, the advance information technology is already well-developed. Online worlds have engaged millions of internet user, both as a new genre of entertainment and play, as well as sites for intense social interaction, since the mainstream breakthrough of graphical online worlds in the very late 1990s and early 2000s. Online worlds are characterised by the fact that they shared, persistent, large and explorable 3D-environments, in which multiple users are represented by an in-world entity, typically a virtual body, in the form of a so-called â€Å"avatar† or character. Also, because of the emergence of online games that forming a virtual world which has more beautiful or desire features rather than the real world. Thus, it†¦show more content†¦Firstly, online games have a variety of different knowledge. Players can learn a lot of different things from the game. As long as young people choose the right and wholesome games to play with, they can learn some blending entertainment; either consolidates their extra-curricular knowledge, but also can cause their interest in learning. In addition, online game players also can stimulate their brain thinking. Nowadays, it focuses how to nurturing young people to consolidate grows up thinking ability, such as general education so as to enable them to grow more fully. Educational computer games can stimulate their senses, logical thinking brain cells and help them to learn new knowledge and apply the knowledge to real life, it definitely beneficial to their growth. Secondly, online games which without any time limit so it brings to a great degree of convenience. As long as there is a computer, they can sit tight at home to enjoy the fun of the online gaming. Therefore, young people can play online games whatever in his spare time, they are having fun, but also to relieve the pressure. 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Sherry Turkle is a professor in the Program in Science, Technology, and Society at MIT (Massachusetts Institute ofRead MoreElectronic games are taking over the world. Computers, which were once used mainly for work related700 Words   |  3 PagesElectronic games are taking over the world. Computers, which were once used mainly for work related tasks, come standard with Solitaire and other electronic versions of board or card games. Social media is teeming with casual gamers, playing simple puzzles such as (x) and (y). If access to a computer is unavailable, it’s possible to fill moments of spare time on a downloadable app for a smartphone. Some prefer to purchase the newest console with its array of exciting, albeit expensive, titles. WhyRead MoreSwitching from Social Media to Printed Media821 Words   |  3 Pagesaccess to communicate with others around the world. With twenty four hours in a day and eight hours being the average sleep time people spend most of their day c onsuming media. People have experience hours and days without television, music, and film, but not all media. If everyone in the world went a day avoiding all types of media, how would it affect their attitudes, beliefs, and values? In this project, I avoided all types of media including video games and mobile devices. Although this experienceRead MoreThe Importance Of Doping In Sports765 Words   |  4 Pagessports. Moreover, very often the countries that these athletes are from come under fire for carelessness in their drug testing techniques, especially when athletes represent a national delegation like at the Olympic Games or world cups. More often than not, if an athlete is caught doping, the entire team and/or other athletes from that country are investigated, sometimes sending the country into shame. A prime example is Russia’s previously clandestineRead MoreAncient Roman And The Roman Empire1236 Words   |  5 PagesColosseum was known as Vespasian, he received many great benefits from doing so. Construction began under the emperor Vespasian in 72 AD, and was completed in 79 AD under his successor and heir Titus. Vespasian sat on the Roman throne from AD70-79. (Sims et al., 1999) proposes that ‘Vespasian was the emperor who restored order after Nero.’ Many emperors of Ancient Rome satisfied the needs of their citizens with the giving of bread and entertainment, Vespasian wanted to impress visitors and the generalRead MoreUbisoft Executive Summary1072 Words   |  5 Pages cross industry creation process (Telco, IT, entertainment) Bargaining power of Suppliers – LOW * Games made-in house, by hired developers having access to necessary software and engine licenses * Fight for exclusivity on important game titles Bargaining power of Customers – LOW * Mass market, mass retailers, specialty stores * Online purchases, electronic game distribution as the cheapest source * Large number of alternatives, low bargaining power Threat of new

Charles Dickens Great Expectations - 1223 Words

Beloved author Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in Portsmouth, England. Growing up in a life of poverty, his childhood hardships provided the inspiration to write a myriad of classic novels including his 1861 seminole masterpiece, Great Expectations (â€Å"BBC History - Charles Dickens†). Great Expectations follows the life of an orphan named Pip, who’s perspective of the world is altered when he is attacked by an escaped convict in his parents’ graveyard in the town of Kent. Throughout his mission to propel himself up the social classes, Pip meets a slew of individuals who both aid and hamper his journey of self improvement. Pip finds that throughout the course of his quest for life enhancement, his expectations of happiness and social classes wildly differ from that of his future reality (Moore). Throughout the novel, Dickens expands on his overarching theme of love, affection, and family versus wealth, class, and materialism — a theme that P ip will eventually learn in a difficult manner. Using literary devices such as imagery, foreshadowing, and symbolism, Dickens explains a variety of themes and motifs to tie into and fully support his overarching theme along with the addition of symbols, adding to the reader’s clarity of the novel and emphasis of the overarching theme. (Great Expectations - Two Historical Moments†). Dickens’ use of vivid imagery greatly helps the reader to fully understand the points and themes he is trying to relay. Whether it be the theShow MoreRelatedGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1113 Words   |  5 Pagesadventures that the male characters go on. This seems to be relevant in a lot of movies and books like the story Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. In Great Expectations there are multiple female characters like Estella, Biddy, and Miss Havisham who all play a large part in the main character, Pip’s life. One of the first that we meet the character Estella in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations is when Pip goes to Miss Havisham’s to play with her. The two kids play the game beggar my neighbor when EstellaRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1347 Words   |  6 Pagespoor status of the economy, social mobility does not seem to be occurring at high rates, with the poor getting poorer and rich getting richer. Despite this, social mobility is alive and well, and has been for centuries. In his novel, Great Expectations, Charles Dickens voices the concerns of many that lived in Victorian England during the 19th century by promoting such a desire to live life in a more prosperous social class. One of the most fundamental and reoccurring themes in the novel is that ofRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1426 Words   |  6 Pages Twelve-year-old Charles dickens gets ready for bed after a long day at the blacking house. These Victorian-aged memories will provide him with many ideas for his highly acclaimed novel Great Expectations. Set in 1830 England, Great Expectations is a coming-of-age story about a common innocent boy named Pip and his road to becoming a gentleman through the influence of others. Pip is influenced both positively and negatively by Estella, Herbert, and Magwitch. Estella left a huge impression on PipRead MoreGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens984 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Dickens utilizes his life for inspiration for the protagonist Pip in his novel Great Expectations. They both struggle with their social standing. Dickens loved plays and theatre and therefore incorporated them into Pip’s life. Dickens died happy in the middle class and Pip died happy in the middle class. The connection Dickens makes with his life to Pip’s life is undeniable. If readers understand Dickens and his upbringing then readers can understand how and why he created Pip’s upbringingRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations943 Words   |  4 Pages This is true in many cases but none as much as in Great Expectations. In many ways the narrator/protagonist Pip is Charles Dickens in body and mind. While there are many differences between the story and Charles Dickens life there remains one constant. This constant is the way Pip as the narra tor feels, because these feelings are Dickens s own feelings about the life he lead. Since Great Expectations was written towards end of Charles Dickens life, he was wiser and able to make out the mistakesRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1375 Words   |  6 PagesGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens and The Talented Mr Ripley by Anthony Minghella present similar criticisms of society to a large extent. Both of these texts consider the criticisms of rich social contexts (wealth and status), societal morality (whether a society is good or not. Status [can lead to the wrong people being in a high position i.e. making bad decisions affecting the community/society] Appearance [society appears to be moral/good (if you’re from a higher status) {dickens criticisesRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens924 Words   |  4 Pagesa character driven novel, or a mix of the two. In order for a novel to be character driven, it must revolve more around the charactersâ⠂¬â„¢ individual thoughts, feelings, and inner struggles, rather than around the quest of the story. Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens, is a character driven novel. While the story does have a plot, it is not contingent upon that plot, but rather is reliant upon its characters and their natures. This is evident from the beginning of the novel. From the opening ofRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1669 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Dickens He was one of England s greatest authors of the 1800 s, better known as the Victorian era. The various themes and ideas of that time are perfectly showcased in his many novels and short stories, such as Nicholas Nickelby, Great Expectations, Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, and A Christmas Carol. Much of the inspiration for these works came from the trials and conflicts that he dealt with in his own life. His volumes of fictional writing show the greatRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1017 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiencer is somewhere else absorbing knowledge of a different setting.This abstract adventure is seized by author Charles Dickens in Great Expectations. Great Expectations is historical fiction giving readers comprehension of the Victorian Era.Upon the reading, readers begin to catch on the intended purpose and its significance. A person who lived during the Victorian Era was Charles Dickens himself.He grew up during a time where differences in social class were to an extreme degree.Dickens went throughRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1344 Words   |  6 Pagessomething that is not what they truly need? Often, they use social class to fill a void in their lives that can not be filled by materialistic possessions. Many people realize this, but it is often too late. Charles Dickens demonstrates the effects of social climbing in his novel, Great Expectations. This novel explores the connections and effects of human nature and society, which are the two most powerful forces that guide people’s decisions. Some may say that social climbing is good, but as will be

The Major Categories Of Computer Crimes Essay - 996 Words

-Within this writing assignment I will discuss the four major categories of computer crimes. I will explain the most common forms of digital crime and why cyber terrorism is the greatest threat. I will also discuss the roles of the U.S. government, court systems, and law enforcement agencies in combatting computer crime. First we will define the four major categories of computer crimes. -The technical definition of computer crimes is an act performed by a knowledgeable computer user, sometimes referred to as a hacker that illegally browses or steals a company s or individual s private information (Computer Crime , 2016), but in general terms it is the unauthorized use of a computer for personal gain, as in the illegal transfer of funds or to alter the data or property of others. (Computer Crime. (n.d.) 2016) But because the crimes have change so has the definition There are four major categories of computer crimes: Computer as the Target, Computer as the Instrumentality of the Crime, Computer Is Incidental to Other Crimes, and Crimes Associated with the Prevalence of Computers. -When using the computer as a target, they must do two things: intrusion meaning to gain access to the computer and deny the owner of the computer access to the service and data. Intrusion is when the individual alters the data. To use the computer as a target, the hacker must alter the password and/or login and by doing this he is denying the owner access to the data. If a hacker makes a copy ofShow MoreRelatedThe Four Major Categories Of Computer Crimes Essay1341 Words   |  6 Pagesassignment, I will discuss the four major categories of computer crimes. I will explain the most common forms of digital crime and why cyber terrorism is the greatest threat. I will also discuss the roles of the U.S. government, court systems, and law enforcement agencies in combating computer crime. First, we will define the four major categories of computer crimes. -The technical definition of computer crimes is an act performed by a knowledgeable computer user, sometimes referred to as a hackerRead MoreDigital Evidence and Computer Crime1738 Words   |  7 PagesDigital Evidence and Computer Crime: Forensic Science, Computers, and the Internet is essentially a guide on how to collect and process digital evidence in any situation. In this book, digital evidence is defined as â€Å"any data stored or transmitted using a computer that support or refute a theory of how an offense occurred or that address critical elements of the offense such as intent or alibi† (Casey, 7). Most crimes today have some kind of digital element to them, from the crime itself to the criminal’sRead MoreWhat Is Cyber Crime?1424 Words   |  6 PagesIS CYBER CRIME? Crime is a common word that we always heard in this globalization era. Crimes refer to any violation of law or the commission of an act forbidden by law. Crime and criminality have been associated with man since long time ago. There are different strategies practices by different countries to contend with crime. It is depending on their extent and nature. It can be concluded that a nation with high index of crime cases cannot grow or develop well. This is because crime is the directRead MoreCybercrime Is Defined As A Tool Or A Weapon?1361 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Internet using the computer either as a tool or a targeted victim to commit crimes. Cybercrime is difficult to determine and does not have a clear classification system and uses two dimensions. The computer as a tool and the target consist of the first dimension. The second dimension consists of the crime itself: person, property, and victimless/vice (ebook crime) In the first dimension cybercrime is divided into two categories. The first, being the use of the computer as a tool, making the targetRead MoreEssay about Computer Crimes1116 Words   |  5 PagesComputer Crimes Computer crimes are a major issue in the world today. They are taken place in people’s home, office, and in lots of places. A person should be very cautious about the type of personal information that they enter on there someone else’s computer as well as there own. These things could come back to haunt you in the future. Criminal activity where a computer or network is the source, target, place or tool of a crime is what we call computer crime. Some other terms for computer crimeRead MoreCyber Secuirty and Cyber Crime1643 Words   |  7 PagesCyber Crime and Security Cybercrime or electronic crime generally refers to criminal activity where a computer or network is the source, tool, target, or place of a crime. These categories are not exclusive and many activities can be characterized as falling in one or more category. Additionally, although the terms computer crime and cybercrime are more properly restricted to describing criminal activity in which the computer or network is a necessary part of the crime, these terms are also sometimesRead MoreLegal Challenges In Modern Business : The Fine Line Between Torts And Crimes874 Words   |  4 PagesLine Between Torts and Crimes The First Amendment to the U. S. Constitution—the right of free speech—is the fulcrum of the business function. The foundation of that function is the formal contract, the basis of agreements in any business enterprise, from the initial business license to verbal or written agreements with customers and clients. To appreciate the impact of human exchange on society requires a general overview of the interplay of contracts, torts and crimes as managed in the existingRead MoreCyber Crime : A Crime1116 Words   |  5 PagesCyber crime is described as computer crimes. They could be classified as any form of illegal activity that take place on a computer or even a phone. According to the Department of Justice they classify cyber crime into three categories: crimes in which a computer is the target, another class is when a computer is used as a weapon. The last class is when a computer is used as an accessory, this is when criminals use computers to store data they’ve stolen. The growth of the internet has allowedRead MoreCyberbullying Is A Major Issue1205 Words   |  5 PagesIt can happen to anyone, on your phone, through social media, and once it starts it’s hard to take control and stop it. Cyberbullying has become a major issue. Cyber bullying can be very damaging. It can lead to anxiety, depression, and even suicide. Also, once things are circulated on the Internet, they may never disappear, resurfacing at later times to renew the pain of cyberbullying. Cyberbullying can take many forms such as sending mean messages or threats to a person’s email account or cellRead MoreSecurity Of Computer And Internet Crimes1628 Words   |  7 PagesKeaton Paper #1 Security to Stop Computer and Internet Crimes Introduction The computer and the Internet are important tools used by many people all around the world. Usually the computer and internet are used for information. In today’s society it is being used for unlawful activities. It is being used to distribute child pornography, money laundering, credit card fraud; identify theft, and all other types of crimes. Hackers are people who use their computer skills to harm society. They

Lge 500 Week 10 Discussion 12 Essay - 2300 Words

Underlying Causes Please respond to the following: Analyze at least three underlying causes for the creation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Next, rank the causes that you have analyzed from the most important to the least important to the creation of the Act. Explain your rationale. In the later part of 1990s, there was an epidemic of accounting scandals which arose with the disclosure of financials transgressions by trusted corporate executives. The misdeeds involved misusing or misdirecting funds, understating expenses, overstating the value of corporate assets or underreporting the existence of liabilities, and overstating of revenues. Some of the companies involved in the creating accounting practice in the late 1990s and early†¦show more content†¦There were a lot of pointing fingers in the accounting scandals that plagued the economy in the 1990s within the companies involved. Congress decided to hold the CEO and CFO responsibility for any financial misreporting. This made the third most important causes of creating SOX. Determine three most important provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Provide a scenario or example of each to justify why each provision that you determined is important Sarbanes-Oxley was motived by the never-ending waves of corporate financial scandals by Enron, Arthur Andersen, WorldCom, Waste Management, Global Crossing etc. There are 11 sections in the act. There following are the three (3) most important provision in the Sarbanes Oxley Act due to the simple fact that The US Congress were trying to enact a law to combat corporate fraud and misleading of investors: The three (3) most important provisions of Sarbanes-Oxley include: * Creation of PCAOB * Auditor independence and a prohibition on audit firms offering value-added (read conflict of interest) services * Certification of financial reports by CEOs and CFOs First, Congress saw the need to create an independent body to oversee the audit of public companies that are subject to the securities laws. PCAOB was established to protect the investors and further the public interest in the preparation of informative, accurate, and independent audit reports for public companies. Before the SOX, TheShow MoreRelatedCialis Case Essay9153 Words   |  37 PagesHARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL 9-505-038 REV: JUl Y 2 8. 201 0 ElIE OFEK Product Team Cialis: Getting Ready to Market It was early 2002, and Mark Barbato, the executive director and global product team leader for Cialis, knew he faced a daunting task: launching a medicine for the treatment of male impotence in a market with an established leader-Viagra. 1 Not only had Viagra been generating over $1 billion in sales annually for its parent company Pfizer for three consecutive years, but

Topic civil war Free Essays

string(150) " will come then by all means it should used not sparingly since the cost could be higher if futures are not studied well in the content of agreement\." This is to analyze American Civil War based on James McPherson’s For Cause and Comrades and Sam Watkins Company Aytch, by knowing what were the most important factors that led men to join and stay with the armies. This paper will also consider the ways in which those reasons differed between North and South, and discuss why the resolve to fight largely collapsed in the Confederacy by 1865, while it continued to endure in the North. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Topic civil war or any similar topic only for you Order Now Analysis and Discussion 2. 1 In general, soldier fought for cause and comrades When people go to war they do not do it for nothing. Normally nobody wants to go to war hence going to war must have their good reasons for violating their peace. It must be for reason for cause with the belief that reason of because if more important than allowing the other person of party to continue what he or she must be doing. Tolerance is therefore no longer an option hence resolution by bringing to war is the only best option to resolve the situation. What McPherson tried to paint from his work entitled For Cause and Comrades about the reason that men and women may have in going to war. The very title is speaking for reasons in getting to war. In his work, James McPherson asks that question of the combatants on both sides of the American Civil War. With his subtitle asking the familiar question: â€Å"Why did men fight in the American Civil War? † , one could readily agree that author purposely finds real reason why people go the war. The thesis therefore of this his book is that men and women go to war for cause and for comrade. Allowing the more important word to absorb the less significant one would have reduce the title into War for Cause since doing for comrades is for cause as well. He must have therefore his own reasons for choosing the title and there might be a need for special emphasis for comrades. Hence, McPherson must have been arguing that the main title states the two most important reasons: a cause moved each of them to enlist, but cohesiveness among comrades sustained them to the end. The author reported to have turned the pages of the diaries and letters of 647 Union and 429 Confederate soldiers, and he followed a simple method by categorizing the reasons and inserting four quotations from letters or diaries for each category. It may be noted that about each soldier, McPherson provided basic information: whether the soldier fought for the Union or the Confederacy, and when and to whom he wrote. His comments on each set of quotations are thin. His typical entry, early in the first chapter: quoted â€Å"I am sick of war,† as written by a Confederate officer to his wife in 1863, and of the severance from the dearest objects of life–his family. 2. 3 Resulting answers based McPherson’s research McPherson’s work was able to extract fourteen key answers as reasons for going to war and these include martial enthusiasm, comradeship, character, and discipline and leadership religion. Other reasons include defense of homeland and preservation of the union. While further reasons include: liberty, slavery, vengeance, duty, glory, and honor. McPherson found both rebels and Yankees to have given similar reasons, except, as expected , on the subject of slavery. In doing his topical index, McPherson inserted other attitudes, motives, and types of experiences the soldiers recorded as the same soldiers followed their reasons for fighting which may be adventure, , desertion, cowardice, the draft, skulking, coercion, desertion. The other reasons for fighting include pursuit of promotion, combat stress, rage, poor morale and homesickness. Using some principles from the work of John A. Lynn, McPherson was steered by three categories of motivation: First is initial motivation, followed by sustaining motivation and finally combat motivation. It was found out the group cohesion and peer pressure were indeed powerful factors in combat motivation and were also connected to the multifaceted mixture of concepts of duty, honor, patriotism , ideology, community of peer pressure and manhood that prompted these soldiers enlist in the army, first place. McPherson then argued for a more relevant relationship among these three categories for Civil War soldiers compared with others’ work major appeal of this book is the purely interesting, sometimes awesome, but always brief stories the soldiers tell to express their reasons for fighting. 2. 4 Is there basis to take Soldiers’ Writings at Face Value? McPherson had asked questions whose answers appear from the dairies and letters of soldiers he reviewed . He is therefore, inclined to take what they say at face value. From an objective historian’s point of view, it may be asked whether there is basis to take the writings at their face value. By making his title: For Cause of Comrades, McPherson appeared to have taken upon himself that what he got from the diaries and letter is really what the authors to communicate. As a general rule a diary is something personal where if the issue is truthfulness of its contents, this researcher therefore would like to give credence the validity of those events happening with the official function of the knowledge as made known to the faculties. Although McPherson’s findings represented to have the many letters, he was just trying to extract the motives from those statements. It may be argued that people react differently to situations and reactions to situations could be numerous or the context from which statements were made do really vary hence they could be capable of different meanings. Psychology is different field from law. Although in both field, motives may be used to predict behavior, the predicted behavior may really vary from the actual result. Trying to infer what was the motive by reading statements would have the characteristics of being speculative. If speculation could be away of learning for something that will come then by all means it should used not sparingly since the cost could be higher if futures are not studied well in the content of agreement. You read "Topic civil war" in category "Papers" Motives as used by McPherson has catalogued are not the same as actual events as proved evidence. Realities cannot be equated with simple extraction from testimonies found in letters or diaries. The same argument may hold even by a quantitative statistical analysis of all the letters ever written, combined with sociological, cultural, linguistic, and psychological, principles. It may therefore be safely deduced that motives standing by themselves and by their very nature, possess few of the necessary attributes of fact. One could accept the at the most what could be done in the diaries and letters is just the option of speculation. Fortunately but speculation as sometime done have become useful sometimes. One could therefore speculate on the motive for fighting based on reading the from the testimony of soldiers on their motives for fighting, in terms of the level of consciousness motive as they say their own piece of their own stories. In psychology many thing is possible as it could be possible that while at certain time, the writer’s conscious motive is to reassure, it is also possible that his unconscious motive is self-delusion. If the soldier asks his own self why he needs to the joining the draft, and thereby answered is religion, then such is a prerogative of any person. Taking the words of soldiers at their face value must be given credence given this may even be sustained in the court of law. In law the express meanings of the word are given preference over the implied meaning. The probability therefore that contents of the diaries are true is more than not has a good chance of being upheld. 2. 5 Questions based on Answers McPherson’s latest study on the motives of soldiers from their letters and diaries may be considered as an achievement itself as for further exploration and speculation. Having perhaps taken a necessary first step, while none of the reasons he gives are new, he has assembled together many colorful testimonials of soldier who have the chance to be part of the actual war. He just set to do the laying out of they soldier’s own stated reason and he must be given credit for thoroughly doing in good order, and in a readable style. But to consider his approach, as if it has accomplished everything or in a context where he has already provided almost the final answers would be too simplistic. To substitute what could otherwise be an inherently complex dynamic issue where other researcher’s may take several steps further a powerful lead to further research. Some of the questions that could be asked form his work include: Is the person talking or writing a ranking or non-ranking soldier. Is the same soldier from the South or from the North. His work may not be fully compared with the work of Sam Watkins who was part of the Confederates. Having a person interpreting what other people are saying is different form having the person who actually did it to say. To the appreciate the concept, having a person to testify in court will carry more wait than a mere affidavit of a deposition taken from that person. Sam Watkins may therefore have the chance to write the most famous and most complex memoirs in â€Å"Co. Aytch† as one who was there could actually explain it more fully. The other question that could be asked included the place where the soldier is at the time he writes. This could be Winter quarters, his home, a hospital or a even prison or on a ship. Another angle is the reason for writing which is the immediate reason. Does the writer write to reassure? to reproach? to brag and to justify? Having perhaps answered to these question would make separate research that would further really explain that is causing people to go to war. The fact that one writes in a letter, a diary, or a memoir where each is different from the other. To have a deeper truth is to ask the author to whom does he write? This will normally taking to a mother, a grandmother, a father, a grandfather, a brother, a sister, a uncle, a aunt, a cousin. The following individuals people such a friend, a sweetheart, a politician, a teacher, a wife, a little child, or even fellow soldier. What is logical is a different rhetoric is aimed at each person in this array of types. It is therefore logical to a writer to anticipate the response of his audience. If the audience is one of a variety of people or oneself, a relevant question is would include trying to persuade with such rhetoric, oneself or the other person, or both. Answers to these many questions would provide a complex setting for answers to the question McPherson poses. He doesn’t pose these related questions; he does not, therefore, attempt to answer them. He has acquitted himself well of an historian’s task: to state a subject that deserves research, uncover what’s in the record, and then give a report of the matter. But one should not expect an historian to deal with questions that can be answered most effectively by experts in other disciplines. Most questions about the Civil War are simplistically posed and simplistically answered, because each question is asked is isolation of all or most others, and asked from the perspective of a single discipline. The Civil War in most of its aspects defies single-perspective explanations. Answers to McPherson’s question are most useful after the most perspectives have been brought to bear. This is a task of interdisciplinary study: psychology, linguistic anthropology, statistical analysis, cultural geography, religion, political science, social science, literary criticism, military science, etc. No one discipline serves well enough. Such is the art of making further studies in the work of others . The relevancy of questions posed will have now to consider the possibilities for multidisciplinary approaches to address such complex questions. The McPherson’s book appendixes points the way to the larger, more complex job to be done. There is indeed the need for more direct interpretation of McPherson’s quotations in light of such information is needed. The presence of geographical distribution of white Confederate and of white Union soldiers and their occupations, a provide a mutual misunderstanding. It could thus be asserted the Civil War, was a class war–a rich man’s war, but a poor man’s fight. What come s next is the unanswerable question that remained? What were the reasons of the poor and illiterate, the white, the black and the foreign born to fight in going to War. 3 Conclusions The most important factors that led men to join and stay with armies vary but according to McPherson’s For Cause and Comrades, basically there must be a cause that is defined with the individual level. Fighting for comrades is a cause itself but other soldiers have expressed these reasons in other ways which McPherson was able to extract and categorized from the letters and diaries and soldiers involved in the war. McPherson has provided readers with the means to start on asking major questions whose answer may be applied to later years such as the reconstruction era. The same answers may also illuminate one’s understanding of the evolution of the American character from 1865 to the current chapter in our history. The answers may be used also to deal with the legacy of violence, racism, distrust of government, and economic instability, in understanding the lives that Americans have in understanding others who are enduring or surviving the crucible of Civil War around the globe. Understanding the why men and women of past fight may help the Americans to deal with those wars from within and from without more effectively. Knowledge of inner reasons is good starting point of really doing a research that points the wisdom of learning from experience. The value if learning is therefore not to commit the same mistake. The book of Watkinson the other hand was written by a Confederate private who served in the Army of Tennessee for nearly the entirety of the Civil War. Having been extracted from diaries of the author during the war, it carries more credence than that of McPherson since this memoir of civil war experiences from a private’s perspective is priceless in terms of primary source material. Watkins was found to be frank and impenitent, thus his book is possessed of a quality that gives the historian with unique material in terms of dealing with the sentiments that the non-elite confederates often held. Watkins’s frankness is almost certainly the most important feature of this work. His hatred of Yankees and the same level as his hatred of some of the Confederate command proposes an individual who most likely defies current simple philosophy of Yankee/Rebel mentality. Watkins is often amusing, especially when reflecting upon feelings that we would now understand as being imbedded in â€Å"class struggle†. Of course, Watkins’s frankness extends to his views of blacks and slaves, illuminating an individual who was both racist and yet not in the generally held conventional manner. This paper also considered the ways in which those reasons differed between North and South, and is making a resolution why the resolve to fight largely collapsed in the Confederacy by 1865, while it continued to endure in the North. The earlier collapse in the Confederacy by 1965 may be explained by the fact that the Conferacy often used slaves as naval crewmembers and soldiers, the African American soldiers were paid less than white soldiers. And the African American soldiers were discriminated against and served in segregated units under the command of white officers. It may be given emphasis that the knowledge of knowing the motivation of soldiers would be a good way to prevent a destruction of life that must come out of the war. It is said that not any one really win in war in perfect manner for whoever goes of war faces the risk of possible loss of life. Work Cited: McPherson , For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War (Paperback) Oxford University Press, USA, Aug 28, 1998 Watkins, and Inge, Company Aytch, Plume; Subsequent edition (November 1, 1999) How to cite Topic civil war, Papers

Lesson Plan Essay Example For Students

Lesson Plan Essay LESSON PLANTITLE: TouchGrade Level: Pre-school (12-18 months)Subject: Language development, vocabulary enrichment, and scienceSource: www.lessonplanspage.comMaterials: â€Å"feelie bucket†Items of different textureTime: 15-30 minutesObjective: The child will be introduced to sensory descriptors, including smooth, rough, hard, and soft. The child will understand that objects can be described with one or more of these words, such as smooth and hard. Procedure: 1. Introduce the sense of touch by asking students what they can do with there hands. Lead the class to see that they touch things with their hands,and then ask them if everything feels the same when they touch it. You may have to lead the discussion by asking them how the carpet or floorfeels. Introduce the words rough, smooth, hard and soft. Be sure to give examples of each so that the students can begin to associate these words with concrete examples. 2. Place the â€Å"feelie bucket on the floor during circle time. Have eachstudent put there hand into the bucket and pull an item out. Ask the children to describe the item they have found. Encourage the children to touch all or the objects. Assessments: Ask children later in the day to describe the way things feel. Repeatthe activity a few days later and see if the children can identify theobjects by their appropriate desciptive words. Education Essays

Romeo And Juliet Essay Who Is To Blame Example For Students

Romeo And Juliet Essay Who Is To Blame The purpose of this assignment is to write a set of directors notes for the characters in act one scene V. These are Romeo, Juliet, Tybalt and lord Capulet. I will explain and explore the characters and their relationships with other characters in the scene. Also what effects their actions in the scene have on the rest of the play. In this scene the character Romeo appears to have a very defying and cheeky attitude as he is in the heart of his sworn enemies. He is enjoying himself as much as everyone else at the expense of his enemies. He seems very relaxed and calm, mingling with other guests. When Romeo lays his eyes on Juliet he almost becomes stunned like he is in a trance. The language he uses while describing Juliet is very romantic and shows deep emotion felt for her. I would make the actor be very light footed and cheerful. Almost prancing around. When he sees Juliet he must always keep staring at her and he must follow her around the hall weaving in and out of people very smoothly and without a break in his stare. In this scene Juliet seems to not be excited like everyone else about the ball altogether. She confides in her room until wandering out onto the balcony, looking very bored and sad. I would ask the actor to walk slowly but very elegantly onto the balcony. She seems to change her moods when she sees Romeo. She like Romeo seems to be in a trance and must keep her stare with Romeo. As soon as she sees Romeo she has a rush of feelings and so the actor must change to fit these feelings. For instance she should start to walk faster maybe craning her neck to see Romeo. Tybalt plays a large part in this scene. Instead of adding love and harmony to the scene he brings anger and violence. Before he hears of Romeo being at the ball he is very calm and is just like any other guest. As soon as he is informed that Romeo is at the ball he is overcome with anger. The actor would have to change his facial expression and posture here. He has nothing but hate for Romeo and the Montagues altogether. He cannot hold back his feelings and is only stopped from a confrontation by Lord Capulet. The actor must over egaterate his anger by pacing furiously and cussing a lot. The host of the great ball is Lord Capulet who is the head of the Capulet family. He is also the uncle of Tybalt and the father of Juliet. He is mingling with all of the guests calmly encouraging dancing and also wants Juliet to fraternise with Paris who he would like to be her husband. In theory he would be really angry if he discovered that Romeo was at his ball but this is not the case. He finds out from Tybalt that Romeo is there but is not angry but seems not to be to worried. He trys to calm Tybalt down and reason with him. Lord Capulet does not see any harm in Romeo being there. The actor must try and be very reasoning but still trying to show his power over Tybalt by also using his posture and tone of voice.

Darn Form Essay Example

Darn Form Essay We communicated with the client using clear language and she seems to understand everything we said although she did not respond. I was assigned to the patient by my clinical Instructor. Unfortunately, he was hospitalized. I asked my clinical Instructor another client to assign to as a student. I asked the nurse, who worked in my West side, where I could find information about my client. She explained me that most of information about the linen I could find in the computer. The nurse in our side was so nice. She explained every her step without any secret. With my team mates we were able to participate in measured blood glucose level, injection of Morphine, Nitroglycerin patch, TAB shot. Become familiar with the computer system in our facility, clinical instructor was provided training for us. I have been used any opportunity to connect with my team mates, professor, and nurse. As a team, we participated in fire drill and communicated with clients. With the variety of racial and ethnic patients in hospitals today, nurses are faced with the problem of accurate assessing non-English speaking patients. In my clinical day, I used knowledge of background languages such as Hebrew and Russian to help my team mates to understand some clients. In reflecting on my experience this week, I would say I am not alone in clinical, and my clinical instructor, team mates, and nursing staff all there to help each other in any situations. After clinical week, I feel that everyone helps each other. With my team mates I realized that we are team and need to help and collaborate with each other. The clinical week was cognitive and essential. We will write a custom essay sample on Darn Form specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Darn Form specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Darn Form specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I was really enjoyed working with clinical professor, team mates, and nursing staff. There were a lot of necessary and Interesting information. It was a good experience to provide care for clients with such health conditions as Dementia and Alchemists disease. Next time I need to remember that we are students and some time feel Inexperience and uncertainty. To overcome all of these feelings I also need to remember that there are people to help me. I do not hesitate ask and offer assistance to others students, nurses, and SSW. I learned that being a nurse Is not Just about ladling In providing prescribed medications, doing vital signs, and taking care of the client. Every aspect, communicating, and working together as a team all lead to becoming an excellent nurse. Now that I have experienced and practiced one day In clinical, I feel that with clinical instructor, team mates, and nursing staff I will be able to improve and strengthen my Skills. Communication Ana adjectively working Walt can toner this is I look forward to implementing all my learning skills in clinical situations.

Pepsi Energy Drink Essays

Pepsi Energy Drink Essays Pepsi Energy Drink Paper Pepsi Energy Drink Paper Analyzing The Marketing Environment Pepsi Energy Drink The company is emerging with the motto to deliver sustained growth in Bangladesh and move towards nominate Beverage Company, delighting nourishing every Bangladesh, by best meeting their everyday beverages needs stakeholders by delivering performance with purpose, through talented people. DEMOGRAPHIC FORCES Demography refers to study of the population. Demographic factors are the relevant to the business for formulating and implementing of strategy for controlling and accomplishment of the objectives of the organization. Demographic factors like size of the population, population growth, rate, age, composition, life expectancy, family size, spatial dispersal, occupational tutus, employment pattern etc. , affect the demand for goods and service. Following are the Demographic factors contain age, population density and distributions of targeted customers which is can effects the marketing of PepsiCo. 1. Age: PepsiCo should target that customer group that customer it the most and make promotional strategies according to that particular group of consumers behavior because the requirements of different age groups are different. The potential customer of PepsiCo would be the age of 14 to 30 years. So their main target is young generation. Soft drinks are one Of popular reject linked by our youth. 2. Education: Company has to plan promotional strategies to attract the customers. If the targeted customers majority population is educated in a country then through advertisements PepsiCo can be made well aware of their product and can convey their message easily. Promotion and education has a direct relationship. 3. Population Distribution: Population distribution means how much population lives in urban areas and rural areas. In Bangladesh 35 % population resides in urban areas and 65% population lives in rural areas. PepsiCo targets on urban areas ND middle class to upper class as people there are more attract towards such beverage while people in rural areas are more attracts to local drinks. 4. Population Density: PepsiCo sales their product more those cities and regions, which have the largest population density. Dacha has the largest population density in Bangladesh. Pepsi sales are more in Dacha as compared to the sales in Chitchatting. ECONOMIC FORCES The economic environment constitutes of economic conditions, economic policies, and the economic system that is important to external factors of business. Economic factors are the very important determinants of business tragedy in the organization for formulating, implement and controlling of economic policies. Economic environment refers to the nature and direction of the economy within which business organization are to operate. For instance, in developing country, the low income may be reason for the very high demand for the product and services of the business. Consumers require buying power to buy a product. The economic environment consists of factors that affect consumer purchasing power and spending patterns. Bangladesh has a developing economy which offers outstanding business opportunities for the right kind of product. Pepsi has also focused on this factor using their economic forecasting. Pepsi have announced different products for different set of people. So if there is an economic downfall in the country they still have the capacity to run their business and they have absolutely no fear of wipe out. Their economic policy preparation can be seen through their price patterns-? The 1 TTS regular drink is targeted for local customer outside needing refreshment after lunch or dinner. The task disposable pet bottle is TA regret for people who are traveling and have high eying capacity. The task Cans are status symbol and are consumed by upper class to show some difference. The Pepsi Co. Price targeting for different groups help them run their business efficiently in economic down fall time too. Fifth there is a big economic downfall in the country so their sale of regular bottles decreases but on the same time due to their perfect marketing their Cans sale increases. The other advantage Pepsi finds from their perfect marketing is that their sports sponsorships help them gain respect in youth which increases their sale when there is a win from Bangladesh team. So they never get cut short in a boom. POLITICAL-LEGAL ENVIRONMENT Political environment refers political and government and legal environment. It has close relationship with the economic system and economic policy. For instance; the communist countries had a centrally planned economic system. Communist government countries laws are control investment and related matters. The political environment is based on the uncertainty, therefore, demographic countries consist of number of political parties. Political parties arent got clear majority to form a government. In this situation, industry and amerce collapsed their business activities due to hung government. The political parties are unable to formulate stable government, it affect and fluctuate the government policies. Therefore, business organization and public are needed to the stable government. Bangladesh is a politically stable economy; foreign investors are attracted to Bangladesh. The Bangladesh government is improving business with trade and investment. 1. Political Stability: Whenever the government is considered to be stable, the business will flourish. If there is political stability in the country the policies and eateries made by Pepsi can be consistent to be implemented. Foreign companies are also keen to invest in those countries which are politically stable where they have no fear of decline in their market share or shut down due to sudden change of government. 2. Mixed Economy In mixed economy government and private sector both plays their role in developing the economy Of the country. Investment by foreign companies like Pepsi is more likely to flourish in mixed economy. 3. Laws Formulation Government has given copy rights to Pepsi so that another company cannot sell their product by the name of Pepsi. The countries where laws are formulated, the strategies and activities of the company are different. 4. Social Responsibility Pepsins social responsibility is to provide its customers with clean and hygienic product so to do this they have increased the use of disposable bottles. SOCIO-CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT Socio-cultural environment is an important factor that should be analyzed while formulating company business strategies. If company is ignoring the customs, traditions, tastes and preferences and education, it can affect the business. It consists of factors which are related to human relationships and he impact of social attitudes and cultural values. These are bearing on the business of the organization. Social practice, beliefs and associated factors are helpful for promotion of the certain products, services or ideas, the success of marketing depends to a very large extent, on the success in terms of changing social attitudes or value systems. The cultural environment is made up of institutions and other forces that affect the society basic values, perceptions, preferences and behaviors. The Pepsi Co. Bangladesh is an expert in dealing with the cultural factor though it is an non-Muslim company UT still its most sales are in Muslim countries the reason behind their success is that they have never created boundaries of religion in their add campaign and they have deal with the Muslims in their own way. The Pepsi uses the cultural factor of people of Bangladesh which is giving dinners to the family remembers and they have targeted this particular thing in their ads which has created Pepsi a basic necessity of every get together. The other major Muslims belief is Ramadan and DID. Pepsi have utilize this cultural factor very smartly and through discount promotions and viral ads campaign urine the Ramadan and DID help them gather a very successful business and market share. The perfect ads campaign forces even the lower middle class to purchase the Pepsi products during Ramadan and especially for DID. One major disadvantage Pepsi had due to some extreme religious beliefs of some people in Bangladesh which tried to portray Pepsi as a Non Muslim company and the products they sell are forbidden or prohibited in Islam. But Pepsi came out of this challenge by asking Jungian Smashed (old singer now a renown Islamic scholar) to do an ad for them to promote their product and ell consumers that this product is permitted. So tackling each factor sensibly is an art of marketers and Pepsi Co. Team have always come up with the new ideas to increase their business. TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Technological factors sometimes pose serious problems. A firm that unable to cope with technological changes may not be survived. Further, the differing technological environment of different markets or countries may be called for product modifications. Technology is the most important elements of the macro environment. Technology is the human being innovation and it literally ender. Technology helps to human being go to moon, traveling the spaceships, other side of the globe with few hours. Advances in the technologies have facilitated product improvements and introduction of new products and have considerably improved the marketability of the products. The technology is advancing day by day with new technology coming up and replacing the old quite easily. The technology advancement is also a macro environmental factor for a business. As the new technology coming up rapidly so no company can rely on their conventional ways of production and other asks. World has now become a global village and there is no issue of transferring one product from one country to different so the only way to survive for companies is by producing the product in quick time and with cheap price this was the reason behind the success of China as they manufactured cheap and fast products through advancing in technology and by using new ways to manufacture a product. Similarly Pepsi also keeps on advancing their machine, production units, sale systems and logistics supply System to keep up with the fast growing world. The major change in the Pepsi reduction came up with the advancement of their inventory control system from normal SQL to SAP. This allowed them to record complete sale record of the country and track each every sales point present throughout the country. The expert system Pepsi Co. Uses helps them in taking crucial decisions and forces them to advance to new production units in a timely fashion. The new recycle plant implemented by Pepsi Co. Eaves 70% of the waste which not only helps in making environment green but also reduces the cost of bottles by 50%. NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Natural environment is the study of an important component of the nature . E. , natural environment. Difference in geographical conditions between markets may sometimes call for changes in the marketing mix. Geographical and ecological factors also influence industries which help material index tend to be located near the raw material sources. Climate and weather conditions affect the location of certain industries like the often textile industry. Ecological factors have recently assumed great importance. The depletion of natural resources, environmental pollution and the disturbance of the ecological balance has caused great concern. Government policies mimed at presentation of environmental purity and ecological balance, conservation of non revisable resources etc. , have resulted in additional responsibilities and problems for business, and some of these have to effect of increasing the cost of production and marketing, externalities also become an important problem Of the business has to confront with. The Pepsi co. Have a great advantage manufacturing in Bangladesh because the major ingredient required to manufacture Pepsi is Sugar which is produced in a vast amount in Bangladesh. So Pepsi shares a great liberty in manufacturing their rodents in Bangladesh for the home country and also for the neighboring countries if there is a need of more supplies to neighboring countries of Bangladesh. The natural environment is vastly effected by the cluster of industries and Pepsi Co. As also one of the major factors of waste materials in the country through their disposable plastic bottles but now they have invested in a major recycling plant in Bangladesh and have followed many different ways to reduce the industrial waste. According to a report PepsiCo have reduced their 80% of the industrial waste through new majors. Through his approach of new packaging and paying high amount of money in the recycling system they are now considered as an environmental friendly company. Their new initiative to replenish water has been a major SUccess.

Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Macroeconomics - Essay Example In 2012, the performance for 2nd quarter was almost 50% lower than that of the first quarter. It appears that the most significant growth takes place in the 4th quarter. That happened in 2009 and 2011, but certainly not in 2012. In 2010, the growth rates were somewhat evenly distributed in each of the four quarters. Because of the recent thrust of the Federal Reserve to provide stimulus funds for the attainment of the ideal of full employment, 2013 should have a much higher growth rate and lower unemployment rate. On a per quarter basis, there is a 50% probability that the growth rate in the 2nd quarter will be higher than the first quarter. Since the 2nd quarter was lowest in 2009 and 2010, lower than the first quarter in 2012, but higher in 2011 than the first quarter, the probability of having a lower GDP growth rate is 75%. The 3rd quarter will be higher than the 2nd quarter and most probably higher than the 1st quarter since this is what happened in the past four years. By the 4th quarter, assuming no major calamities will disturb business operations, USA real GDP should experience the highest growth rate so far since the time of the recession. First, it is because the Fed has been supportive of the need for more money supply. There is a determination to bring down the unemployment rate in the USA. The People have been complaining about the high unemployment rates and performance of the Monetary Board in easing the financial difficulties of the country for several years now. Secondly, the government is more prepared to adjust to unfavorable climate changes. And thirdly, there has been news about improvements in the way the economic problems in Europe are being handled, e.g. the way Greece economic crisis is being resolved. Europe is a major trading partner of the

The role of Internal, External and Forensic Auditors Essay

The role of Internal, External and Forensic Auditors - Essay Example Auditors play a significant role in the deterrence of fraud. They assist in risks detection and monitoring, control and regular testing of internal processes and suitable follow up for the purpose of dealing with weaknesses in the system. There are three types of the audit; these include internal, external and forensic audit (Weightman 2008 p 38). This literature review presents a critical evaluation of the roles of the professionals involved in the three types of audit. An organization’s management decides the role of internal auditors whose objectives are usually different from those of external auditors who are chosen to give an independent report regarding the financial statements (Wholey et al 2004 p 66). They work towards satisfying the requirements of the management. Internal auditing is used by organizations as a strategy to assist the organization to accomplish its objectives. The internal auditors, therefore, are in charge of using the systematic methodology designed by the management to analyze the organizational processes, actions, and events with the main goal of identifying organizational problems and suggesting possible solutions. These are independent authorities that conduct regular checks on an organization’s records and books of accounts depending on the agreed procedures for external auditing. These auditors are usually concerned with attesting that there are no substantial misstatements in the books of accounts (Sawyer et al 2003 p 91). They provide essential information about the efficiency of the in-house controls in regard to financial reports, precision and punctuality in transaction recording, and the precision and wholeness of reports regarding monetary and regulatory issues. They also offer an independent and non-subjective opinion in regard to the activities of an organization, as well as vital information for the maintenance of its risk management processes (Weightman 2008 p 88).

Analyzing The Organisational And Business Environments

Analyzing The Organisational And Business Environments What is the Organisational Environment or Business Environment? In my point of view, a business is an organization that provides goods and services to others who want or need them. And the Environment is defined as the surroundings of the organisation, such as Social, Legal, Economical, Political or Institutional that are beyond the control of the organization and affect the organizations functioning. There are two major components of business environment: Internal Environment: Man, Material, Money, Machinery and Management. These factors are usually under are controlled and affected by the business. The business can cause changes to these factors followed by the change in function dividing in the company. External Environment: Government, Legal, Geo-Physical, Political, Socio-Cultural, Demo-Graphical factors, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ these factors are beyond the control of company. After this subject, I hope that, I will know deeply how to analyze and evaluate the relationship between the organization and its environment, and the environment impacts on management decisions. To understand the market and competitors and the tools that manager can use to monitor the changing business environment. And this is my brief report for 7 of 12 sessions of this Global Organization Environment course that I learnt. Environment of organizations form and purpose. The purpose of an organization is to accomplish the goals and objectives as indicated within the organizations vision statement and depends on its nature of the organization. If the aim of the organization is to get profit, then its main purpose is to earn money. To provide goods and services, employment, and satisfy the expectations of different cohorts of people. With organizations responsibility is: employee welfare, working condition, job design, pollution, advertising, employment community, If the organization is for non-profit, then its target is to satisfy customers or to relieve the public. The mission will be indicated how they plan on reaching those goals and objectives. When making strategic decisions about the organizations direction and scope, managers have to analyse the organizational purpose, vision and stakeholders expectation for the future. Each stakeholder group has personal and collective expectations of organization, but these expectations are likely to conflict, such as: growth versus profitability, growth versus independence, cost cutting versus jobs, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Stakeholders individually are unlikely to influence the strategy of an organization, but collectively because they share similar expectations they are likely to have a bigger effect. Stakeholders are not always equally powerful or interested in the strategy of the organization so will need to be prioritised. There are different types of organisation: Private Limited Company (Ltd.); Public Limited Company (plc); Partnership; Sole Trader; Co-operatives; Close Corporation; Joint Venture; Franchising; Public Corporation; Municipal Enterprises; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Understanding the Managerial Environment. Managers will need to evaluate the current context and trends of organisational strategic planning and operating, it includes the evaluation of local, regional political stability, government commitment to business, main economic indexes, labour force, technological development and availability, legal documents and finally environmental issues affecting business. With the results of analysis, managers are able to identify main opportunities and threats of their company. Opportunities are external factors which enable managers to enhance revenues or open markets, such as: new technologies, new markets and ideas, new technologies has helped businesses increase productivity and quality and reduce labor force through application of new technology, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Threats are those which can have bad influence on the organization such as: economic recession, oil shortages,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Managers responsibilities are to seek opportunities and avoid threats. Task environment are forces from suppliers, distributors, customers, and competitors. There are many forces that have deep influence on the company. These forces consist of wide economic, technological, demographic and similar issues which managers usually can not impact or control. Economic forces: affect the national economy and the organization. It refers to interest rate changes, unemployment rates, economic growth. When the economy is strong, people have better consumption ability which means they spend more on goods and services Technological forces: refer to skills and equipment used in design, production and distribution. These forces may lead to opportunities and threats to managers and often make products obsolete very quickly or can change the way managers manage them. Socio Cultural forces: Social and cultural forces are often linked together. Whilst meaningful distinctions between social and cultural factors can be made, in many ways they interact and the distinction between the various factors is not clear. Differences in language can alter the intended meaning of a promotional campaign and differences in the way a culture organizes itself socially may affect the way a product is positioned in the market and the benefits a consumer may seek from that product Demographic forces are changes in the nature, composition and diversity of a population and include gender, age, ethnic origin and so on. For instance, nowadays more and more women enter the workforce and even become high-ranked leaders. In many developed countries, the population is aging. Based on these demographic changes, it can be forecast that there will he high demand for health care and assistance for living. Besides, the company will be able to avoid more threats if managers can measure the complexity of the environment and the rate of environmental change. Environment complexity can be seen as the number and possible impacts of different forces in the environment. The more attention manager pay to forces with larger impact, the better opportunities the company may have. And it is easy to see that the bigger the organization, the greater number of forces managers must consider. This means, managers job will become more and more complex if there are more forces So what is the way to reduce environmental impacts? Managers can avoid many environmental threats by reducing number of forces. All levels of managers must have responsibility to minimize the potential impact of environmental forces. For example, line managers are responsible for reducing waste; middle managers are to oversee and evaluate competitors moves; top managers are responsible for the companys new strategy. In order to deal with changes, creating new organizational structures can be a suggestion to managers. In many companies, managers use specific departments to respond to each force. They also define specific functions of departments to create mechanistic or organic structures. Authority in mechanistic structure is centralized and roles are clearly specified. This kind of structure is better used in slowly changing environments. Authority in organic structure is decentralized and roles overlap, however, this feature helps organization have quick response to change. Manager must gain access to information needed to forecast future issues. If in-correct view of the environment, the forecast companys future will be wrong. Inter-organizational relations are that companies need alliances globally to best utilize resources. PESTLE is a framework for categorising the environment. It allows an in-depth analysis of external factors impacting on the organisation to take place. The outcome of this is twofold: Assess the Opportunities facing the company Assess the Threats facing the company. The main purpose of analyzing environment factors is to identify opportunities, threats. Businesses can reduce these risks and focus to exploit their businesss opportunities as well as strengths. I can determine a strategy for dealing with these anticipated changes. The result is that I become more pro-active and better prepared rather than having to react to a crisis. This process might be linked to the organizations strategic vision and the generation of potential scenarios. The Economy and the Role of Government. Any economy can be understood at the simple level as the interaction of two participants, consumers and producers. The Circular Flow of Income describes the operations of an economy; the consumers provide resources to firms for income, firms produce goods and services to consumers for margin. Income and margin are used to pay living and operating costs, taxes for government spending, investments for productive capacity, technological development and savings. Government plays the role of policy maker and referee, ensuring the achievement of economic and social goals of a society, including high rate of decent employment, stable economic growth, low rate of inflation, trade surplus. Government use fiscal policy (taxes and public spending) and monetary policy (money supply and interest rates) as major tools of macro-economic management. Fiscal policy is a tool for managing demand and is used in order to increase or decrease demand, if government wants to increase the demand, it may reduce taxes and/or increase spending, if it wants to reduce the demand, it will do the opposite. Government has lot challenges in achieving simultaneously all the economic goals, an increase in demand may create high inflation. Government also use monetary policy for macro-economic management, an increase in interest rates will increase saving, reduce consumption and reduce investment spending, and thus reduce inflation. The interest rates affect exchange rates and banks or investors will spend their energy and efforts just to trade the money and not the production. The European Environment. The rationale of reduction in trade barriers and mobility restrictions is for costumers rights protection, competitive and technological enhancement. The main benefits for countries in joining EU include access to a largest and fairly competitive market, with a safer and predictable environment for the business. Social protection for consumers, employees, producers, and the economy as a whole, supported by a powerful economy and sustainable resources, education, research and development,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The main challenges for EU enlargement includes different educational, technological, cultural, infrastructural and competitive level between countries, politics, human rights issues, especially the legacy of the Soviet economy. United Kingdom, Switzerland are considering their EMU member due to negative factors such as economic cycle, sovereignty issues, unique values, transition and employment costs. Understanding the Global Environment. Globalization has invoked extensive debate over its impact and credibility , giving rise to a number of perspectives . The area that permits people and different industries to focus on what they do best is competition , and global markets encourage efficiency on this area . It offers greater opportunity for industries to tap into more and larger markets around the world . Industries could now have access to more capital flows , technology , cheaper imports , and larger export markets .Industries are compelled to vie globally due to the competitive environment . The key globalisation drivers include politics, economics, market, costs and competition. Globalisation is bringing both opportunities and challenges to peoples. For competitive advantages in the global market, countries have to increase their political and social connections between peoples and states; firms need a good assessment of global costs. Globalisation allows firms not only to profit of better production factors, but also to gain market share or to access to growing market. Managers need to have strategic decisions on whether outsourcings, off-shoring or in-sourcing for costs advantages. Governments policy makers have to ensure the reasonable inequalities between rich and poor, the control of dominance and monopoly of biggest global firms, cultural degradation, global dependence and global crime. Market Structures and Industry Analysis. Monopolists are able to control both production and purchase rights. In a high competitive market, specialism and location allow operators control over price. In the oligopoly market, competition of non-price methods such as advertising and sales promotion is appropriate. But the greater competition makes companies more efficient and the consumer has a bigger choice of good and services, policy makers have to build rules for fair competitiveness and anti-monopolistic competition. I am able to interpret the Porters Five Forces (current competitors, new entrants, buyers power, substitutes, and suppliers power) to market and competitive analysis of my business. The results will be used to defining and positioning my business, including the development and implementation of key success factors. Delivering Customer Value and Managing Marketing Performance. Firms need an appropriate targeting strategy due to different needs of customers. Customer segmentation allows firms to critically analyse characteristics of customer groups for the provision of relevant services and goods. Appropriate promotions with segmentation approach help firms not only to save costs, but also to provide desirable products and enjoyable prices. A good understanding of existing and potential markets through assessing current and potential market attractiveness, evaluating company and competitors current and potential strengths and weaknesses in serving a particular market, allow firm to take competitive advantages. Company brands are built from knowledge, esteem, relevance and differentiation. I am using the gained knowledge from these sessions to develop my business strategy with demand-driven and non-price competitive approaches such as owner branding, expertise enhancing, attitude improving for differentiation and success. Difficult concepts and Improvement plans: Scenarios and scenario building are difficult concepts with me, the growing importance of scenarios is related to the increasing problems with forecasting, forecasting works well in times of stability, however, extrapolation of past trends and forecasting into the future becomes highly problematic in times of uncertainty, such as: with exchange rate we can not know exactly it tomorrow. And the session 12th is difficult as well, as it requires a manager how to monitor the changing of their business environment and how to deal more successfully with their operating conditions. Studying the future is not the ability to see the future, its the ability to walk away from part of the past. Gary Hamel, Harvard Business School. Scenario planning can be a powerful means for enhancing strategic planning within organizations. Scenario planning helps people articulate their mental models their perceptual limits to discover what opportunities and threats exist that they are currently failing to perceive And I agree with this, Experience has taught us that the scenario planning technique is much more conductive to forcing people to think about the future the forecasting techniques we formerly used. Andre Bernard, Managing Director, Royal Dutch/Shell. With my daily work, I will try my best to improve, from: Learning from doing my works. I am working with position is Head of Finance Planning Report and Budget Control in my company, I am building scenarios with my boss and colleague to my company and will learn from both success and failure. Further reading. More exchanges with friends and experts: Informal discussions, exchanges through emails, chats with them will enable me to gain more knowledge. Participation in short course with Viet-sourcing to improve my knowledge.